Endocrine Abstracts

The thyroid gland regulates growth and metabolism by producing thyroid hormones in follicles composed of thyrocytes. So far, thyroid cells were thought to be a homogeneous population. To uncover genetic heterogeneity in the thyrocyte population and to molecularly characterize the non-thyrocyte cells surrounding mature follicles or follicles in development, we have developed single-cell transcriptome atlas of mouse and human thyroid organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells...

Induced overexpression of defined transcription factors has been shown to have a directing effect on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into specific cell types. Nevertheless, protocols promoting coordinated self-assembly of differentiated cells into distinct morphological units with functional properties reminiscent of organs and tissues in vivo are still very sparse. Our group recently reported efficient rescue of hypothyroidism in athyroid mice tran...

The thyrotropin receptor (TSHr) is a glycoprotein hormone receptor controlling the thyroid growth and the thyroid hormones production, upon stimulation by its natural ligand, the thyrotropin hormone (TSH). In some pathological situations, this receptor is activated in the absence of TSH, either by autoantibodies from patients with Graves’ disease (an autoimmune thyroid disease where the TSHr is targeted and activated by autoantibodies), or by activating mutations (as obse...

The dichotomy between hormone recognition, by the ectodomain containing leucine-rich repeats (LRR), and activation of the G protein, by the rhodopsin-like serpentine portion, is a well established property of glycoprotein hormone receptors (GpHRs). Extensive site-directed mutagenesis experiments and direct structural data have fully confirmed that high affinity recognition of the hormones by their receptors was built within the structure of the LRRs. It is possible to transfor...

Organoids are tiny, self-organized three-dimensional versions of an organ that are produced in vitro. Human organoids offer unique opportunities to model the development, physiology, and diseases of human tissues while complementing animal models and reducing the need for animal testing. In the thyroid field, there is a lack of a functional human in vitro thyroid model which allows to further explore various aspects related to thyroid development and disease....

Introduction: Due to their remarkable self-organizing structures and functional properties, organoid has become a powerful tool to model diseases ‘in a dish’. The use of organoids in cancer research emerged to better understand tumor behavior. Originally, adult stem cells (aSC)-derived organoids were derived from primary tumors while recent studies have reported the generation of cancer models arising from healthy cells by controlling oncogene expression. SC-derived ...

During the last decade induced overexpression of defined transcription factors has been shown to have a driving effect on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into many specific cell types. Nevertheless, the generation of protocols promoting a coordinate self-assembly of differentiated cells into distinct morphological units with also functional properties reminiscent of organs and tissues in vivo are still very sparse. Recently, we have reported the gen...